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BACKGROUND@#The increasing production of un-recycled waste is a great threat to public health. Therefore, assessment and measurement of people's beliefs and perceptions with regard to these threats can contribute to the development of suitable educational messages promoting waste separation behaviors. This study aimed to carry out the scale development and psychometric evaluation of behaviors and beliefs associated with waste separation among female students.@*METHOD@#This methodological research was performed in 2019. The primary questionnaire was developed based on the assessment of waste separation beliefs and behaviors based on the extended parallel process model. Afterwards, to confirm the content and face validity of the research tool, the opinions of 14 faculty members and certain students were asked for, respectively. In order to assess the construct validity of the questionnaire, exploratory factor analysis was performed based on the data collected from 386 female students in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The internal and external reliability of the tool was determined through estimating Cronbach's alpha and test-retest based on intraclass correlation (ICC) index, respectively.@*RESULTS@#The mean age and academic semester of the students were 22 ± 1.9 years and 5.58 ± 2.6, respectively. The primary version of the questionnaire was designed with 65 items; one item was omitted during the content validity process. Construct validity with factor analysis technique yielded nine dimensions including 64 items with a factor loading above 0.3. The overall reliability of the research tool was confirmed at Cronbach's alpha of 0.87. Furthermore, the ICC of the entire questionnaire was 0.89.@*CONCLUSION@#According to the results of the study, the final 64-item questionnaire could be used by various researchers to assess waste separation beliefs and behaviors considering suitable psychometric features.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Young Adult , Iran , Medical Waste Disposal , Psychometrics , Students, Medical , PsychologyABSTRACT
Introduction: The existence of standard tools is one of the basic needs of scientists of healthy behavior for predicting health-related behaviors. The aim of the present study was to design a psychometrically sound instrument to measure the protection motivation theory constructs regarding self-medication for elderly Iranians
Methods: The study was conducted in spring 2016. The sample consisted of 196 Iranians between the ages of 60 and 74. The study took place in Ahvaz, Iran. The instrument included perceived susceptibility, severity, response costs, response efficacy, self-efficacy, rewards, and fear constructs. The qualitative component of the study, which consisted of interviews with experts and a systematic review of the literature, provided the data to write the items for the instrument, followed by determining the content validity. Principal components analysis with Oblique rotation was performed to extract correlated constructs. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin [KMO] and Bartlett's tests were performed to examine the suitability of the data for factor analysis. Cronbach's coefficient alpha was used to estimate the internal consistency of the scales
Results: The KMO test statistic of 0.90 revealed the sampling adequacy for doing factor analysis and Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant [p < 0.001]. Seven constructs were extracted based on Eigenvalues of >/= 1.00 and factor loadings of >/= 0.40. Cronbach's ? for the constructs, namely, perceived susceptibility, severity, response costs, response efficacy, self-efficacy, rewards and fear were 0.84, 0.86, 0.81, 0.82, 0.88, 0.89, and 0.85, respectively. The seven constructs accounted for 69.41% of the variation
Conclusion: The developed scales for measuring the protection motivation theory constructs regarding self-medication have acceptable psychometric properties among elderly Iranians
ABSTRACT
Objective [s]: To identify the relationship between constructs of Health Belief Model [HBM] with unwanted pregnancy and intention to continuation or termination of pregnancy among women in health centers of Behbahan city
Methods: Methods: In a descriptive-analytic study 320 married women aged 15-49 years attending 8 health centers of Behbahan city that experienced at least one pregnancy participated in this study in 2010.Variables including: situation of pregnancy [wanted or unwanted],intention to continuation or termination of pregnancy and constructs of HBM were studies. A self-administered used for data collection after evaluation for face and content validity and internal consistency. Filling the questionnaires by trained investigator was used for data collection. Data analysis carried out through SPSS and Chi square, logistic regression and correlation and T tests were done
Results: The mean age of women was 31.06+/-7.5 years. About one third of women had history of at least one unwanted pregnancy. A significant association was found between unwanted pregnancy and perceived benefits, perceived barriers and self efficacy [P<0.05]. A significant relationship was between intend to induced abortion with women literacy, age of women's husband, duration of marriage, dimension of household, gravida, number of alive children, number of sons, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and self-efficacy[P<0.05]
Conclusion: Due to high proportion of unwanted pregnancies, families who have no intention to more pregnancy should be identified. Providing family planning services and education about proper use of contraceptive methods gave priority. In unwanted pregnancy, couple should be aware about actual benefits and barriers of pregnancy continuation. Providing appropriate methods for improving of their self-efficacy is very important